GUIDELINE 13: Relocate and evacuate migrants when needed

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During some crises, stakeholders may be able to protect migrants where they are located in the host State. But this may not always be possible, especially in situations where the repercussions of a conflict or natural disaster envelop large geographic areas. Where protection cannot be provided locally, it may be necessary to relocate migrants to other parts of the host State or evacuate them to States of transit or the State of origin. Some migrants may make these journeys on their own. Many may rely on States, their employers, recruiters, or placement agencies, international organizations, civil society, and other migrants for support and assistance.

Evacuation is generally a last resort but absolutely essential if migrants cannot remain safely where they are and cannot be relocated safely to another part of the host State. Where comprehensive contingency plans and standing evacuation and relocation arrangements are not already in place, ad hoc arrangements may be needed to communicate evacuation information, determine eligibility for evacuation, establish modes of evacuation, and negotiate with States of transit and other actors. States, regardless of whether they are party to relevant international instruments, should implement specific safeguards to ensure individuals who face persecution, or, as appropriate, serious harm or other life-threatening situations in their States of origin or other States, including refugees, are protected against refoulement. Stateless persons may need specific assistance to take advantage of evacuation arrangements. Coordination between States and other stakeholders in carrying out evacuations can leverage resources, for example, to transport migrants to States of origin in the same region.

Sample Practices

  • Evacuation of migrants to States of transit or States of origin with their informed consent.
  • Establishment of criteria for eligibility for evacuation.
  • Multi-stakeholder cooperation on evacuation.
  • Evacuation for family units who have family members of different nationalities.
  • Deploying personnel to consular posts to assist with evacuation.
Country:
Philippines
Type of Practice:
Government bodies

The Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) is an attached agency of the Department of Labour and Employment (DOLE) created in 1977. Is it the lead government agency tasked to protect and promote the welfare and well-being of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and their dependents.

Country:
Senegal
Type of Practice:
Assistance programs

In the course of the Libyan conflict, the transport and return of hundreds and thousands of migrants to their homes was a huge logistical challenge, and one that all parties – international organizations, governments and civil society – worked constructively together to address.

Country:
Bangladesh
Type of Practice:
Assistance programs

The World Bank’s Emergency Repatriation and Livelihood Restoration of Migrant Workers Project provided support the People's Republic of Bangladesh to: (i) repatriate its migrant workers, who had fled the conflict in Libya , from refugee camps in neighboring countries in a timely manner;

Country:
Global
Type of Practice:
Interagency groups

Providing emergency evacuations or other transport of vulnerable persons in crisis situations is a regular feature of IOM movement operations.

Country:
Burkina Faso, Chad, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Senegal
Type of Practice:
Research and reports

This policy brief looks at the situation of migrants who have returned home to several West African countries as a result of the conflict in Libya.

Country:
Chad, Egypt, Italy, Libya, Malta, Niger, Tunisia
Type of Practice:
Research and reports

This report provides an overview of the first 7 months of IOM’s emergency response to the major migration crisis resulted from the conflict in Libya in 2011.

Country:
Global
Type of Practice:
Agreements

On 20 April 2015 the EU Member States adopted the Directive on consular protection for European citizens living or travelling outside the EU.

Country:
Philippines
Type of Practice:
Government bodies

The Overseas Preparedness and Response Team (OPRT) was created by Executive Order no. 34 in 2011 by the President of the Philippines.

Country:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, United Kingdom
Type of Practice:
Government bodies

When a country is hit by a disaster which overwhelms its response capacity, European countries can provide assistance via the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. The Mechanism was established in 2001 to foster cooperation among national civil protection authorities across Europe.

Country:
Philippines
Type of Practice:
Contingency and preparedness plans

As a standard operating procedure, all Philippine Foreign Service posts abroad are mandated to formulate and regularly update crisis contingency plans for the Filipinos working and residing in their respective areas of consular jurisdiction.